SSM框架的一些基本知识总结。
1.SSM定义
SSM = Spring + SpringMVC + MyBatis
Spring:
Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架。
SpringMVC命名及分层:
edu.xju.common.util 公共部分
edu.xju.controller 控制层
edu.xju.dao 数据层
edu.xju.entity 实体层
edu.xju.service 服务层
MyBatis:
比Hibernate要灵活多用于需求不断变更的项目。
2.Web项目执行顺序
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 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
 <listener>
 <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
 </listener>
 <context-param>
 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
 <param-value>classpath:spring-*.xml</param-value>
 </context-param>
 <filter>
 <filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
 <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
 <init-param>
 <param-name>encoding</param-name>
 <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
 </init-param>
 </filter>
 <filter-mapping>
 <filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </filter-mapping>
 <servlet>
 <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
 
 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
 <init-param>
 
 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
 <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
 </init-param>
 
 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
 </servlet>
 <servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
 
 <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
 <url-pattern>*.json</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>
 <welcome-file-list>
 
 <welcome-file>main.jsp</welcome-file>
 </welcome-file-list>
 </web-app>
 
 | 
DispatcherServlet拦截所有请求,在这里是拦截.do和.json结尾的请求。
该DispatcherServlet默认使用WebApplicationContext作为上下文,Spring默认配置文件为“/WEB-INF/[servlet名字]-servlet.xml”。
ContextLoaderListener初始化的上下文和DispatcherServlet初始化的上下文关系

ContextLoaderListener初始化的上下文加载的Bean是对整个应用程序共享的;
DispatcherServlet初始化的上下文加载的Bean是只对Spring Web MVC有效的Bean;即只加载Web相关的组件。
DispatcherServlet的继承关系

DispatcherServlet initialization parameters

- HttpServletBean继承HttpServlet,因此在Web容器启动时将调用它的init方法,该初始化方法的主要作用
 将Servlet初始化参数(init-param)设置到该组件上(如contextAttribute、contextClass、namespace、contextConfigLocation),通过BeanWrapper简化设值过程,方便后续使用;提供给子类初始化扩展点,initServletBean(),该方法由FrameworkServlet覆盖。
- FrameworkServlet继承HttpServletBean,通过initServletBean()进行Web上下文初始化,该方法主要覆盖一下两件事情:
 初始化web上下文;
 提供给子类初始化扩展点;
- DispatcherServlet继承FrameworkServlet,并实现了onRefresh()方法提供一些前端控制器相关的配置;
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 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
 
 <context:component-scan base-package="edu.xju.controller"/>
 <mvc:annotation-driven />
 <bean id="jspViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
 <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
 <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
 <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
 </bean>
 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter">
 <property name="messageConverters">
 <list>
 <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
 </bean>
 </list>
 </property>
 </bean>
 </beans>
 
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 | // spring-mybatis.xml<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"
 >
 
 <context:component-scan base-package="edu"/>
 
 <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
 
 <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
 <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
 <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb?charsetEncoding=utf8"/>
 <property name="username" value="root"/>
 <property name="password" value="root"/>
 </bean>
 
 
 <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
 <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
 </bean>
 
 
 <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
 <property name="basePackage" value="edu.xju.dao"/>
 <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sessionFactory"/>
 </bean>
 
 
 <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
 <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
 </bean>
 
 
 <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
 <tx:attributes>
 <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true" />
 <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
 <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
 <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
 </tx:attributes>
 </tx:advice>
 
 <aop:config>
 <aop:pointcut id="serviceAop" expression="execution(* edu.xju.service.*Service.*(..))" />
 <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="serviceAop" />
 </aop:config>
 
 </beans>
 
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 | // main.jsp<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 <title>基本的 ssm 框架</title>
 <style type="text/css">
 a{
 font-size: 20px;
 display: block;
 margin-top: 30px;
 }
 </style>
 </head>
 <body>
 <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/user/addUser.do">添加用户</a>
 <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/user/list.do">查找所有用户</a>
 <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/user/getUserA.json?id=1">获取某个用户JSON格式1</a>
 <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/user/getUserB.json?id=2">获取某个用户JSON格式2</a>
 </body>
 </html>
 
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 | package edu.xju.controller;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
 
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
 import org.springframework.ui.Model;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
 
 import edu.xju.common.util.JsonUtil;
 import edu.xju.entity.User;
 import edu.xju.service.UserService;
 
 @Controller
 @RequestMapping("/user")
 public class UserController {
 @Autowired
 private UserService userService;
 
 
 
 
 
 @RequestMapping("/list.do")
 public String getUsers(Model model,HttpSession session){
 List<User> users = userService.getAll();
 model.addAttribute("list",users);
 return "list";
 }
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 @RequestMapping("/getUserA.json")
 @ResponseBody
 public Object getUserByIdA(Model model,HttpSession session,Integer id ){
 User user = userService.findUserById(id);
 return user;
 }
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 @RequestMapping("/getUserB.json")
 public void getUserByIdB(Model model,HttpServletResponse response,HttpSession session,Integer id ){
 User user = userService.findUserById(id);
 JsonUtil.printByJSON(response, user);
 }
 
 @RequestMapping("/addUser.do")
 public String insertUser(Model model,HttpSession session,Integer id,String name,Integer age ){
 name = "测试姓名";
 age = 99;
 User user = new User(name, age);
 userService.addUser(user);
 return "insertOK";
 }
 }
 
 
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 | package edu.xju.entity;
 
 public class User {
 private Integer id;
 private String name;
 private int age;
 public User() {
 }
 
 public User( String name, int age) {
 this.name = name;
 this.age = age;
 }
 
 
 public Integer getId() {
 return id;
 }
 
 public void setId(Integer id) {
 this.id = id;
 }
 
 public String getName() {
 return name;
 }
 public void setName(String name) {
 this.name = name;
 }
 public int getAge() {
 return age;
 }
 public void setAge(int age) {
 this.age = age;
 }
 
 }
 
 
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 | package edu.xju.service;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
 import edu.xju.entity.User;
 
 public interface UserService {
 public  List<User> getAll();
 public User findUserById(Integer id);
 public void addUser(User user);
 
 }
 
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 | package edu.xju.service;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
 import edu.xju.dao.UserMapper;
 import edu.xju.entity.User;
 
 @Service
 public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
 @Autowired
 private UserMapper userMapper;
 
 public List<User> getAll(){
 return userMapper.getAll();
 }
 
 @Override
 public User findUserById(Integer id) {
 return userMapper.getUserById(id);
 }
 @Override
 public void addUser(User user) {
 userMapper.insertUser(user);
 }
 }
 
 
 | 
MyBatis
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 | package edu.xju.dao;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
 import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
 
 import edu.xju.entity.User;
 
 @Repository
 public interface UserMapper {
 public List<User> getAll();
 public User getUserById(@Param("id")Integer id);
 public void insertUser(User user);
 }
 
 | 
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 | // UserMapper.xml<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
 <mapper namespace="edu.xju.dao.UserMapper" >
 
 <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="edu.xju.entity.User" >
 <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="INTEGER" />
 <result column="name" property="name" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
 <result column="age" property="age" jdbcType="INTEGER" />
 </resultMap>
 <select id="getAll" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
 select id,name,age from user
 </select>
 
 <select id="getUserById" parameterType="int" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
 select id,name,age from user where id = #{id}
 </select>
 <insert id="insertUser" parameterType="edu.xju.entity.User">
 insert into user(name,age) values(#{name},#{age})
 </insert>
 </mapper>
 
 | 
3.序列图

4.常用注解解析:
@Autowired 和 @Resource的使用场景和区别
@Autowired 是byType自动注入,是Spring的注解。@Resource默认是byName注入,默认使用成员属性的变量名注入,是Java自带的注解。
@Scope(“prototype”) 和 @Scope(“singleton”) 的区别
singleton 表示Spring容器中的单例,通过spring 容器获取该bean时总是返回唯一的实例。
prototype 表示每次获取该bean时都会new 一个新的对象实例。
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 | @Service@Scope("singleton")
 public class SingletonTestService {
 private static int a = 0;
 private int b = 0;
 }
 
 | 
如代码所示,如果设置为singleton,当a++和b++时,a和b都会增加。如果设置为prototype的话,则只有a会增加,b不会增加。
static 静态变量
静态变量整个内存中只有一个副本,为所有对象所共享,当且仅当类加载时才会被初始化;而非静态变量是对象所拥有的,在创建对象时被初始化,存在多个副本,每个对象之间拥有的副本互不影响。